Bone Density Testing

Your provider may order a bone density test to diagnose osteoporosis. This test is also called dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan or DEXA scan.

The test measures the thickness and strength of the bones in your spine and hips. UMass Memorial Health rheumatologists and endocrinologists review your results and risk factors to determine if you’re at risk for a future bone fracture.

The bone density scan is painless and takes 10 to 30 minutes. A technician performs the test using a machine called a bone densitometer. The scan is similar to an X-ray. It uses radiation, but the amount is less than a mammogram.

Do I Need Bone Density Testing?

We may suggest you have bone density testing if you are:

• Postmenopausal and under age 65 with one or more additional risk factors for osteoporosis (other than menopause)
• Female, age 65 and older, regardless of additional risk factors
• Male and over age 70 (check on insurance coverage)
• An adult with a low-impact fracture 
• Female and considering therapy for osteoporosis if test results might change the decision
• Female and have been on long-term hormone replacement therapy
• Female or male on glucocorticoid therapy, such as aromatase inhibitors or Depo-Provera
• Someone with a disease, condition or medications associated with low bone mass or bone loss

When Is a DEXA Scan Recommended?

Your provider may recommend a DEXA scan to:

• Detect low bone density and osteoporosis before a bone fracture occurs
• Determine the rate of bone loss when the test is repeated over time
• Monitor the effects of treatment over time and its effectiveness

If you are perimenopausal, your provider may recommend a DEXA scan. The test can determine if you need treatment before you lose the bone-protective properties of estrogen due to menopause. This is especially important if you also have other risk factors.

What to Expect During a DEXA Scan

Your provider will give you instructions about preparing for the scan. A DEXA scan is performed in an outpatient setting, so you go home right after. During the scan:

1. You lie on a special X-ray table.
2. A technician positions your body to ensure you are in the right place for the scan.
3. The technician moves a scanning arm over you to take pictures of your bones.