A ventricular septal defect is a hole between the two lower heart chambers (ventricles). This is a heart defect a person is born with (congenital). It can lead to heart failure.

ASD repair can be done with either cardiac catheterization or with open heart surgery. Your child's cardiologist or surgeon will discuss the best treatment for your child with you.

An atrial septal defect is a hole in the dividing wall (atrial septum) between the heart's 2 upper chambers (atria). It may close on its own as your child grows. In some cases, surgical repair is needed.

Aortic stenosis means that the aortic valve doesn't open all the way. This affects how much blood can flow from the heart to the rest of the body. Treatment includes balloon valvuloplasty or surgery to repair or replace the valve.

Aortic stenosis is when the aortic valve doesn't open all the way. reducing blood flow from the heart out to the body. It is usually a congenital heart defect.

Pulmonary stenosis occurs when the pulmonary valve doesn't open all the way and blood flow to the lungs is blocked.

Learn how the skeleton bones develop from infants to teens.

Your child is having bone or joint surgery. The healthcare provider who does this surgery is called an orthopedic surgeon. This sheet can help you prepare your child and learn what to expect.

JA means that the lining of 1 or more of your child's joints is inflamed. This causes pain and swelling. JA is long-term (chronic) condition.

Learn the differences in the skeletons of children and adults.